Essay about Organizational Behaviour - 1051 Words

Amazon.com My essay will introduce the culture and organizational strategies of Amazon.com. I focus on the evolution of Amazon.com, the organization culture with the Scheins three levels of culture, the truth of working on Amazon, why is amazon so successful on the basis of organizational strategies and how to improve in the original basis. Organizational culture could be the core of the company and exists from the start of Amazon.com. Organizational culture is the shared values, beliefs, and norms which influence the way employees think, feel, and act towards others inside and outside the organization. The culture can be divided into three levels by Edgar Schein. The first level of culture is surface manifestations. Amazon.com is†¦show more content†¦Basic assumptions are the core of Scheins three levels. This culture started with the thinking of founder and then it develops through a shared learning process. The leader makes some rules to guide the employees behaviour. The workers enjoy themselves in the comfortable work environment and clearly know what they should do in a responsible manner in organization. They need to click goods for customers among the shelves quickly and accurately. From other factor, the leaders should guide them and provide maximized benefits to employees such as salary, holiday and h appy job environment. This organizational culture of Amazon.com belongs to task cultures as a lattice in Handys culture typology. Task cultures are job and project oriented. Workers of Amazon.com get the job done through the enthusiasm and responsibility. They work as a team efficiently and productivity. The strong cultures are the characteristic of Amazon.com and allow employees to identify themselves in the organization. The warehouse workers indicate they very like the friendly environment in Amazon. One of the organizational strategies of Amazon.com is motivation which bases on drives and needs. Motivation is the cognitive decision-making process through which goal directed behavior is initiated, energized, directed and maintained (Huczynski). According to the theory Y by Douglas McGregor. Amazon believe their employees have self-motivated andShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior And Organizational Behaviour1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe above drawn figure shows about organisational behaviour. It highlights the bonding among human behaviour in organizational settings, the individual - organization interface, the organization, the environment surrounding the organization. In an organization each and every individual brings its own experience, managerial and effective skills. Classical Organizational theory:- Popovich (2010) said that in this theory, the concentration mainly goes in how an organization can be structured inRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour1455 Words   |  6 PagesIf you were CEO what would you change and why - provide your recommendation with a Before and After Organizational chart. - If you are not working at this time - use a past employer. Ans 1. Table of Content * Introduction * Discussion * Complete assessment of the company I work for – M. Muhammad Shafi amp; Co. * What would I change as the CEO and why * Organizational Charts, Before and After. * Bibliography Introduction Change is very important for any organizationRead Moreorganizational behaviour1261 Words   |  6 Pages Organizational Behavior MG6013 The exploration of the theories, research and practices that allow a better understanding of human behavior in organizations. Topics include motivation and job satisfaction; decision making; group dynamics; work teams; leadership; communication; power, politics and conflict; organization culture, structure and design; impact of technology; management of work stress; organizational change andRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Analysis28615 Words   |  115 Pagesconfusion, also goes under several different names, some of which you will encounter when reading texts on the subject. The two main areas are generally called Human Resource Management (HRM) and Organisational Behaviour (OB), but the field is also sometimes called Organisational Analysis (OA), Behaviour in Organisations (BinO), Organisation Studies (OS), and a host of other names, including the practitioner area called Organisational Development (OD). There are, in fact, subtle nuances and variations inRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Issues1427 Words   |  6 PagesFinal Report- Organizational Behavior â€Å"Issues in Organizational Behaviour based on own experiences† Student No. Structure: 1. Introduction 2. Main Body and Recommendations 3. Conclusion 4. References What is Organizational Behaviour? Organizational Behaviour is nothing else than developing our understanding and development of people skills. A multidisciplinary field devoted to understanding individual and group behaviour, interpersonal process and organizational dynamics. DifferentRead MoreThe Development Of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour3154 Words   |  13 Pages2001). Out of this comes the development of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB). OCB represents â€Å"individual behaviour that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognised by the formal reward system, and in the aggregate promotes the efficient and effective functioning of the organization† (Organ 1988, p. 4). The study of OCB has become increasingly important as the prevalence, importance, and costs of counterproductive, or deviant, behaviour in the workplace have been increasingly recognisedRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour And Communication Issues Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 INTRODUCTION In this case-study for Electra Products’, I will be addressing relevant, organisational behaviour and communication issues that must be addressed in order to â€Å"revive the failing company† (Samson, 2012). Specific recommendations will be offered to further assist in focusing on the key outlined issues and what actions would be most appropriate to take from this point. Throughout the report, it is clear the attitudes of staff are becoming unfavourable and has resulted in a lack ofRead MoreRoot Metaphors as an Aid to Understanding Organizational Behaviour3097 Words   |  13 PagesRobert Allen 11500024 Root metaphors as an aid to understanding organizational behaviour and their relevance to organizations in a knowledge based economy. Introduction The use of root metaphors to provide insight into organizations seems to be seen as a useful if limited way of understanding their complex natures (Morgan, 1997) (Andriesson, 2008), which may have been more suited to the industrial age. The rise of the Knowledge Based Economy (KBE) and post-industrial organizations pose furtherRead MoreOrganizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) Essay1796 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿What is organizational citizenship? Explain the links between the various types of organizational citizenship behaviors and job-related outcomes. In what ways does organizational citizenship affect organizational performance? Illustrate with examples where appropriate. Organizational Citizenship Organizational citizenship is an organizational success that consists of supports from the volunteers of individuals and behavior (Business Dictionary 2013). Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB)Read MoreIndividual Analysis Paper on Organizational Behaviour2511 Words   |  11 Pagesto creating and expanding opportunities for children and adults with disabilities. This is demonstrated by their agencies contribution to the realization of an individual’s choice of caregivers, support, housing, and employment opportunities. Organizational Design/Culture: 1. How is it structured as regard to organization? 2. What is the culture of the organization? The very nature of the field of industry requires one to be very flexible and be willing to quickly adapt to the non-ending

Drug Trafficking A Social Evil - 2462 Words

Drug trafficking presents a social evil that has refused to go away despite numerous interventions by governments and concerned stakeholders across the world. This problem is mostly prevalent in America. Latin America is among the major producers of illicit drugs in the world. Besides being a big producer, Americans are also among the biggest consumers of drugs (Dorn et al. 23). The rise in organized crime organizations commonly known as cartels in America are in charge of drug trafficking. Research indicates that Americans spend over 150 billion dollars on illicit drugs. This money could alternatively be used constructively. Drug trafficking is an issue that has generated heated debates from policy makers, government officials as well as the members of the public. This is because of the associated negative effects associated with drug trafficking. The detrimental effects of drug trafficking includes increased crimes, national instability and other economic issues among others. The level of criminal activities especially homicides has been on the rise in Mexico. These crimes do not only affect Mexico City but also other states due to the spillover effect. Competition among the cartels over the control of drug territory is largely to blame for these crimes. Towards the end of 2011, United States reported more than 50,000 deaths related to drug trafficking. This paper seeks to propose some possible solutions to the unending problem of drug trafficking. The most effectiveShow MoreRelatedLegalization Of Prostitution And Prostitution1612 Words   |  7 Pagesschools of thought state that sex work is a legitimate occupation; whereby a person trades or exchanges sexual acts for money and/or goods. Some believe that women in developing countries are especially vulnerable to sexual exploitation and human trafficking, while others distinguish this practice from the global sex industry, in which sex work is done by consenting adults, where the act of selling or buyi ng sexual services is not a violation of human rights. The term sex work is used interchangeablyRead MoreSex Slave : Http ( / Topdocumentaryfilms )1352 Words   |  6 PagesFar from home, drugged, and bruised from head to toe these particular victims not only have and maybe still living a nightmare, but are scattered around the world in a binding industry that is close to impossible to stop. In Odessa Ukraine sex trafficking has become more than an issue, it’s become a profitable living for many people. Desperate for money or sold without a clue, these women have become part of a devastating cycle. With a group of detectives and the FRONTLINE’s production team, we seeRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Serious Violation Of Human Rights1639 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Human trafficking involves the recruitment, transportation, harbouring and/ or exercising control, direction or influence over the movements of a person in order to exploit that person, typically through sex ual exploitation or forced labour† (Public Safety Canada, 2015). It is also called a modern form of slavery. According to one estimate about 2.4million people around the globe are trafficked annually (Golbya, Sian Hsiang-Te Zacharias, 2015). In Canada alone, currently, 56 human trafficking casesRead MoreThe Forbidden Trade And Sex Trafficking1419 Words   |  6 PagesStories of Sex Trafficking published in the ABC News report, describes her successful attempt to escape from traffickers who had enslaved and forced her into a dark world full of desire; the world of sex trafficking. Sex trafficking is the act of selling, buying, and forcing children, men, and women into sex trade. It has become a major growing problem in the United States. It is argued that â€Å"[h]uman trafficking has become the second fastest criminal industry just behind drug trafficking with childrenRead MoreGlobal Drug Policy1635 Words   |  7 Pagesglobal policy on drugs has one main concern, as maintained in the first clause of the 1961 UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs: promoting the health and welfare of mankind (United Nations, 1961). The convention and global drug policy actors have asserted through the years that drugs pose a threat to this concern, and so an integrated effort to reduce supply, demand and trafficking of said narcotics is the desired course of action (High Level segment Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 2009). It seemsRead MoreHow Human Trafficking has Impacted Oklahoma1433 Words   |  6 PagesHuman trafficking is the illegal trade of humans for forced labor an d sex labor. Innocent victims are trafficked through lies, fraudulence, and threats. Traffickers deceive them by promises of a better life; they abduct them through fraudulent methods; and they threaten their families to get them to go with them. Human trafficking not only occurs in foreign countries but also in the United States. Oklahoma is also a location where trafficking occurs. Many Oklahomans have personally experienced theRead MoreChild Welfare Committee / Juvenile Justice Board968 Words   |  4 Pagesfocus on the prevention of trafficking among children and protection of the child victims are: ï‚ § SAARTHAK: working in Delhi focus on providing mental health resources and process for the victims after rescued. ï‚ § RESCUE FOUNDATION: working in Maharashtra and runs shelter home with facilities such as counseling, training (vocational and life-skills), legal assistance, health care services (physical and psychological) and consequent repatriation. ï‚ § PRAJWALA: anti trafficking organisation based in HyderabadRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Women Sold Into Prostitution Trades1199 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Trafficking: Women sold into Prostitution Trades Introduction Historical Background. First off, prostitution has existed even before Christ set foot on this earth. The term is beyond ancient and has a long-term historic footprint around the world. Over the years women have a long history being apart of sex trafficking whether it’s self volunteered or forcefully. Regardless of the laws that have been established to help decrease to eliminate what is still becoming a hot topic problem in theRead MoreDrug Smuggling And Its Effects On America1694 Words   |  7 PagesThey engage in drug smuggling to carter for their needs. In addition, the viscous cycle of poverty in some societies has led to large number of people engaging in drug smuggling. Education is always viewed as a major factor in eliminating poverty. However, in some communities, high levels of poverty leads to school dropouts. These individuals who have dropped out of school easily indulge in drug smuggling since it is one of the activities that can earn them a liv ing and requires little or no educationalRead MoreThe Deviant Globalization From Gilman s Perspective1422 Words   |  6 Pagesis a form of development. As Harvey (2006) said that human, finance, goods, ideas and services are considered increasingly as the important factors in the development of globalization. Therefore, it could be discussed from economic, political and social perspectives to measure the deviant globalization. This essay aims to analyse the deviant globalization from Gilman’s perspective. Defining the deviant globalization and analysing how the deviant globalization forms firstly, and using examples to

The Importance of Being Earnest Pretensious Characters free essay sample

To what extent is this presented as true in ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’? In the Victorian era, society was built on set values concerning education, morality, marriage, property, and class. Wilde’s ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’ addresses these topics in a style characteristic of a comedy of manners exposing the imprudence of society’s customs; projected through the characters he has created, this allows the audience to compare the pretensions of country characters to that of those from the town. Many people believe that in this play script, the town characters are far more susceptible to pretentious behaviour. However, others would disagree stating the playwright has cleverly created two groups of characters who may live in two different worlds, but both prove to be equally prone in succumbing to affectation. One of the key features of dramatic comedy is that â€Å"human endeavour is often seen as being pretentious [†¦] and therefore it should be exposed as foolish†. Wilde accomplishes this through most of his characters, perhaps most evidently in Cecily Cardew. The playwright first introduces us to this young woman at the beginning of the Second Act where we see her slighting the importance of education many times, commenting that German is not a â€Å"becoming language† and repetitively refers to the subjects she studies as â€Å"horrid†. She is a character who is solely concerned about what is â€Å"most fashionable† ultimately leading us to conclude this is a rather materialistic woman. However under closer inspection, some critics have interpreted Cecily’s watering the flower garden instead of studying German grammar as an indication of Cecily’s â€Å"love of nature and her disdain for tedious socio-academic expectations of society†. Critics have suggested that Cecily is perhaps the most realistic character within the play as she does not speak in epigrams as frequently as town characters such as Algernon. They would also argue that although she fibs about Miss Prism complaining about a â€Å"slight headache†, she ultimately has good intentions which are to bring Miss Prism and Dr Chasuble closer together implying she is in fact, not so pretentious when it comes to love. Conversely, other critics would argue that Cecily proves to have the same outrageous quirks as her town counterpart Gwendolen as they are both: intent on marrying a man named Earnest, eager to embrace each other as sisters, and quick to become rivals pitted against each other. Her ability to verbally spar with Gwendolen makes us truly question Jack’s preliminary description of Cecily as â€Å"a sweet simple, innocent girl† for the audience realise she is a rather quick-witted woman. She quips indirectly that Ernest’s association with Gwendolen is an â€Å"unfortunate entanglement† as if to be deliberately seeking a reaction out of Gwendolen. Wilde also shows us through stage directions that Cecily is not one to speak in outright truthfulness as she is described to speak â€Å"sweetly† and â€Å"sternly† when vocally battling with Gwendolen. She can proficiently make repartee such as â€Å"when I see a spade I call it a spade† which is a primary example that may be used to stress many a critics point that her ingenuity is much more pronounced than that of the town characters for she argues that she speaks nothing except the truth; the town characters appear to be shamelessly aware of their pretensions. Lady Bracknell in fact, insists in Act Three that she does â€Å"not propose to undeceive† her husband showing the audience she is aware Lord Bracknell state of blissful unawareness and she would â€Å"consider it wrong† to change this situation. Cecily’s adoration for Algernon is a reflection of the relationship between Gwendolen and Jack and begs us to question the authenticity of her love. Just as Gwendolen, she seems to be in love with the idea of Ernest as described to her by Jack. Cecily claims that Ernest has been the â€Å"chief topic of conversation† between herself and Miss Prism since the discovery of his â€Å"wicked and bad† status which highlights the country characters fanatical ways regarding trivial matters much like the town characters. It also implies Cecily holds a fascination for immorality, perhaps due to her quiet and arguably deprived upbringing. The idea that Ernest presents is perhaps a means of escape for her from her boring country life. She proves to be a fantasist who has â€Å"elaborated [her romance with Ernest] with as much artistry and enthusiasm as the men have their secret identities†. Wilde’s display of Cecily’s ability to act nonchalantly regarding the fact she has kept a diary recording imagined engagements and written letters to herself on behalf of Ernest is somewhat disturbing; it seems as if she believes the figment of her imagination to be true events that have taken place. Through Cecily’s inventive story-telling, Wilde shows the audience how she holds a sense of superiority over Algernon. She drives the plot during their scenes together and through her dialogue, is able to dominate Algernon by invoking the reactions which seem to please her. Wilde only emphasises her lack of depth by providing us with the excerpt of Miss Cardew’s diary regarding her broken engagement with Ernest. Here Wilde presents us with a mere three lines, one of which is in regards to the â€Å"charming† weather. This may be interpreted to represent Cecily as a restrained and inexpressive character helping highlight Oscar Wilde’s explorations of the comedy of manners as we deem the upper class woman to be emotionally deprived due to cultural expectations adding to the mockery regarding the rigid Victorian social customs. We could also argue that Jack Worthing embodies all pretensions due to the comical double identity he holds. Critics believe he represents the conventional Victorian values: wanting others to think he adheres to such notions as duty, honour, and respectability but he hypocritically flouts those very notions. This understanding attributes to dramatic comedy where characters routinely undermine the customs they set with their own behaviour. As a satirical comedy, Wilde succeeds in ridiculing the society in which he lived by exposing the trivial nature of the â€Å"respectable† people of his era. As Jack proposes to Gwendolen, he apologises to her for not being immoral stating â€Å"it is a terrible thing for a man to find out suddenly that all his life he has been speaking nothing but the truth†. This suggests that Jack has been aware of his conceited nature throughout the duration of the poem and through these words, Wilde again highlights how being pretentious is in Jack’s nature that to not be so, he is conscientiously appalled. However, it’s also arguable that Jack is a fictional representation of Wilde’s own lifestyle where he was forced to hide his homosexuality as it had been deemed unacceptable by Victorian standards. The dramatic comedy is divided into three short acts which helps the audience to trace Wilde’s development of each character. One of the more interesting character growths is perhaps Dr Chasuble. A man first introduced in the second act as a figure of respectability and ethical rightness who quickly demoralises by the end of the play. As a clergyman, it’s shocking to find he has no qualms with christening two men with the name â€Å"Ernest† without question. As critics have pointed out, Wilde has already â€Å"lampooned† Victorian Virtues such as social ascendance and education so it is not surprising that he targets religious piety too. Dr Chasuble only has one sermon which he himself reveals that he adapts it to â€Å"almost any occasion, joyful, or in the present case, distressing†. Wilde was once quoted saying â€Å"religion is the fashionable substitute of belief† and his principles can be seen here; this supposedly educated man whose use of meaningless multi-purpose sermons draws the audience’s attention to his unintentional impertinence which will surely invoke laughter and make us distrust his word throughout the play as the playwright seems to have intended. Chasuble also proves to be just as hypocritical as his fellow characters when he â€Å"severely† informs Lady Bracknell that he is a celibate before embracing his â€Å"Laetitia† a matter of minutes later. In conclusion, it is perhaps fair to say that the country characters hold just as many pretentions as the town characters. Some people will continue to argue whether the behaviour of the town characters can even be successfully labelled as pretentious as they do not try very hard to hide their superficial conduct.  Through the false mannerisms of these characters, Wilde reflects the hypocrisy of Victorian society of which he was most likely a recipient due to his controversial homosexual affair; those who had once seen him as a man of respectability now ostracised him.

Argumentative Essay Is Utilitarianism a ‘universalist’ and ‘impartialist’ theory Essay Example

Argumentative Essay: Is Utilitarianism a ‘universalist’ and ‘impartialist’ theory? Essay While Utilitarianism as a practical philosophy can find application in affairs of democratic policy making and economics, its stature are a satisfactory system of morality is contested. The scholarly consensus as of date is that Utilitarianism is a partial system of morality and is somewhat inadequate on account of its authors’ reluctance to front up to complexities of ethics. Utilitarianism asserts that ‘It is morally good to act for the general happiness.’ As this assessment is taken at face value by most, the salient critical question is ‘What is it that is morally not good, which stands in opposition to this?’ In answering this question proponents say, ‘acting for unhappiness’. (Grote 123) Utilitarian moral philosophy thus has for its subject the ascertaining of what happiness is, which is placed in polar opposition to unhappiness. Having found what constitutes happiness, the philosophy strives to device methods to achieve that end. B ut real life experiences and events are not strictly broken into these clear-cut dichotomies and therein lie the major objection to Utilitarianism’s veracity as a ethical theory. The following passages will explain the two central concepts of ‘impartiality’ and ‘universality’ and identify their shortcomings for application in practical ethics. The founding texts of Utilitarianism think of it as inherently ethical. For example, deriving from post-revolutionary French thought, especially that of Helvetius, Godwin asserted that â€Å"Morality is that system of conduct which is determined by a consideration of the greatest general good.† (Godwin, as quoted in Scarre 67) The founding doctrine also makes it clear that the two pillars of ‘impartiality’ and ‘universality’ especially add to its ethical soundness. Utilitarianism espouses the principle of impartiality, to the extent that it places the happiness of all individuals in the community on par with each other. Moreover, it encourages constituent individuals in a group to see the virtue of valuing the happiness of others as much as theirs own. In other words, the expectation is to rise above the consideration of one’s own individual interests. Put as such, this principle sounds laudable. But as critics point out, there is plenty of sco pe for incorrect application of this principle, which could lead to adverse outcomes. For example, We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentative Essay: Is Utilitarianism a ‘universalist’ and ‘impartialist’ theory? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentative Essay: Is Utilitarianism a ‘universalist’ and ‘impartialist’ theory? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentative Essay: Is Utilitarianism a ‘universalist’ and ‘impartialist’ theory? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"In an action then which, in the truest and widest sense, we should call right or good, there is more than one sort of goodness. And unless we treat rightly this variety of rightness or goodness, our moral philosophy, whatever side we take, must be partial: and we shall not be able to argue against opponents of it without being in danger of arguing against something which, it is probable, an impartial and practical reader will consider morally proper.† (Grote 124) Even actions by individuals are mediated by this consideration for the greatest common good. The agent’s actions are never to enhance his/her own happiness, but that of all concerned. As John Stuart Mill himself clarifies in his treaties, â€Å"As between his own happiness and that of others, utilitarianism requires him to be as strictly impartial as a disinterested and benevolent spectator. In the golden rule of Jesus of Nazareth, we read the complete spirit of the ethics of utility. To do as you would be done by, and to love your neighbour as yourself, constitute the ideal perfection of utilitarian morality.† (Mill, as quoted by Grote 86) One of Utilitarianism’s notable critics is the famous legal theoretician, John Rawls. Rawls’ objection to the notion of impartiality arises from the philosophical system’s blanket application of its principles to the entire social plane. For example, just as an individual weighs the gains and losses in the preset against that estimated in the future, so a society could measure satisfactions and dissatisfactions between different individuals. And through this endeavor the principle of utility is applied in a natural way: â€Å"a society is properly arranged when its institutions maximize the net [or average] balance of satisfaction.† ((Rawls 1971:24), as quoted in Scarre 21). Universalism has been a historically significant feature in Utilitarian discourse. Of the central maxim of ‘the greatest happiness of the greatest number’, universalism concerns with the latter half, namely, ‘the greatest number’. As universalism seeks to promote the distribution of happiness as widely as possible, it can be deemed as an extension of the Enlightenment project, which too purports to expand the boundaries of moral concern. Utilitarians underscore the moral weight of this principle through this explication: â€Å"Any person, no matter how poor, or powerless, or socially marginal, no matter how remote from the centers of influence and privilege, may, by invoking moral principles, assert a claim or express a grievance in the language of a system to which nobody, however rich, powerful, or well-bred, may claim immunity† (Scheffler 1992:12, as quoted in Scarre 23). This rationale had such an intuitive appeal that universalism had become a pillar of Utilitarian philosophy by the middle of18th century. Such prominent intellectuals as Helvetius, had called on the government of France to create legislation that would â€Å"produce a happiness which was universelle as well as egale.† (Helvetius, as quoted in Crisp 13) Across the English channel, in Scotland, philosopher Francis Hutcheson proclaimed that â€Å"‘that action is best which secures the greatest happiness of the greatest number’† (Selby-Bigge, as quoted in (Crisp 14). The list of supporters also included criminal law thinker Cesare Beccaria. Jeremy Bentham spoke eloquently of how it is the duty of the government to â€Å"create a fabric of felicity by the hands of reason and law† (Bentham, as quoted in Crisp 14). John Stuart Mill even took the Biblical analogy in his defense of the ethical fortitude of universalism and by extension utilitarianism. (Scarre 23) In short, universalism states that each individual’s interests count equally, and thus in moral terms there is no segregation among the citizens. While universalism sounds self-evidently correct and beyond scrutiny, a rigorous analysis of all its implications will question this status. There is a simple technical reason why it is flawed, namely, we cannot logically pursue the double maximand of the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people, for we mostly confront situations where the choices are between â€Å"one action which will provide a lesser utility for a larger population and another which will produce a larger utility for a smaller number. In such circumstances it is not possible simultaneously to produce the greatest happiness and to benefit the greatest number.† (Crisp 18) Even Jeremy Bentham, one of the founding fathers of Utilitariansm, retrospectively acknowledged this problem and hence moderated the core principle to simply that of ‘greatest happiness’, forgoing the insistence on the ‘greatest number’. Works Cited †¢ Crisp, Roger. Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Mill on Utilitarianism. London: Routledge, 1997. †¢ Grote, John. An Examination of the Utilitarian Philosophy. Bristol, England: Thoemmes, 1990. †¢ Scarre, Geoffrey. Utilitarianism. London: Routledge, 1996. .

Identifying Understanding Masculine Rhyme

Identifying Understanding Masculine Rhyme A masculine rhyme happens when a rhyme is on the final syllable of a wordthat syllable is stressed Green and Mean are masculine rhymes, as are Invest and Undressed, Import and Short, and Intrude and Food. In looking at masculine rhymes, we have two separate components: the rhyme, and the stress. Rhyme Rhymes are simply identical (or very similar) sounds. An okay rhyme is head and pet, since both share the same vowel sound, but head and bed are a closer rhyme, because they share a vowel and a consonant sound. Rhymes dont have to be from the same letters, either. As we see above, invest and undressed rhyme, even though one ends in -st and one in -ssed. Its not about the letters themselves; its all about the sound they make. Stress Stress is a little trickier to understand. In English, we dont put the same amount of emphasis on every syllable in a word. A syllable is stressed when we put emphasis on it- beCAUSE, CHATtering, RUSHes, perSIMMon. Those syllables that are not stressed are, not surprisingly, known as unstressed. A good way to figure out which syllables are stressed and unstressed in a word is to play around with emphasizing difference syllables. Does IMpossible sound the same as imPOSSible or imposs-I-ble or impossiBLE? Some words have more than one stressed syllable, although one is usually more stressed than the others- REconSIDer (where the third syllable is more stressed than the first). Words that are only one syllable are usually automatically stressed, although it depends on their context within a sentence. So, to have a masculine rhyme, we need two (or more) words that end with the same sounds, and both have stressed last syllables. Sink and Wink and Think are all masculine rhymes. As are Overdue and Debut, and Combine and Sign. Not Gendered As you can see, masculine rhyme has nothing to do with gender. The term was coined long enough ago that stressed syllables, more powerful than unstressed syllables, were equated with the masculine; words ending with unstressed syllables (like RUSHing, HEAVen, and PURple) are all considered feminine endings- when those kinds of words rhyme, its known as feminine rhyme. How to Identify Masculine Rhyme For the most part, once you know the rules of masculine rhymes, theyre pretty easy to spot. As long as the words in question rhyme in their final (or only) syllable, and that syllable is stressed, the rhyme is masculine. Check out the poetry excerpts below for examples of masculine rhyme. Examples From John Donnes Holy Sonnet XIV: Batter my heart, three-personed God, for youAs yet but knock, breathe, shine, and seek to mend;That I may rise, and stand, o’erthrow me, and bendYour force to break, blow, burn, and make me new. So we have two rhymes here you/new and mend/bend. Since all of these words are one syllable long, they are automatically stressed. Rhyme? Check. Stressed syllable? Check. These are masculine rhymes. From On the Dangers of Open Water by Liz Wager: This beauty we dont understand will sweepus out to sea. We look for it belowour bows, but if we try to understandthe workings of that beauty we perceive,were driven mad by all we cannot know.We force ourselves to roam between the strandstill, like Narcissus, drown to find reprieve. Here, we have a couple different rhymes: below/know, understand/strands, perceive/reprieve. (While understand and strands are not perfect rhymes, theyre pretty close.) In this example, there are multi-syllable words: they all end with a stressed syllable- perCEIVE, rePRIEVE, and beLOW. Stressed final syllables? Yes. Rhymes? Yes. Another example of masculine rhyme. Why Do Poets Use Masculine Rhyme? In addition to knowing what masculine rhyme is, and how to identify it, its also helpful to understand why a poet might use it in a poem, or what masculine rhyme contributes to a poem. There are several ways to emphasize particular words in a poem. Placement in a line, stress, and rhyme all make words stand out. In the above examples, all the masculine rhymes occur at the end of the line; just by having that white space to their right, these words are more prominent, more visible. Our eyes linger on those final words before we move onto the next line. Stress, too, emphasizes a word; words like to, the, an, a, and, if, or, at, etc., are usually all unstressed in poetic lines, while stressed words have more meaning, more life. And, when words are rhymed, they stand out. The more times we hear a certain sound repeated, the more we pay attention to that sound- just think about the poetry of Dr. Seuss! So, having masculine rhymes (especially those at the end of lines) help a poet to really emphasize the important words of a poem. Whether a reader realizes it or not, stressed syllables and words tend to stick in our memories better, as do the repetition of sounds that we find in rhyme. So, the next time you read a poem that incorporates rhyme (such as a sonnet or a pantoum), check to see if it is making use of masculine rhyme, and how that use is impacting your reading experience.

Humans Are Determined Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Humans Are Determined - Essay Example (Nithyananda, 2007,p. 101) The sage said that free will is something which a man is not born with and it was never something that man had struggled to win over. It has been gifted to man, by God, willingly, so that man can be morally responsible for all his deeds. Thus, in the mortal life, a man has to continuously face ‘prarabdha’ i.e. accumulated fate and only God and Guru have the power to save anyone if they wish. (Sen, 2010). So, if we go by the teachings of Paramhansa and as well as by all other great teachers of life, we tend to ask ourselves one very important question like â€Å"is it impossible for us to be free?† The renowned philosopher, D’Holbach for example has said that a man’s life is completely dictated by Nature and he has no role in it except to draw the line on the surface of the Earth which he has been asked to draw. He considered mythology as a reflection of Nature itself. According to him whatever a man does, whatever he thinks, we wishes for are the reflections of those properties which have been given into him by Nature and of those situations in which Nature has positioned him. Nature sends a man naked on this earth. The man quickly learns to cover himself, find food and shelter for himself and also to take care of other requisites. Each and every step taken by a man to sustain himself on this earth can be perceived as a long series of cause and effect. This can be called as the development of the first impulse given to him by none other than Nature itself. Nature operates through laws which are universal. Man must penetrate the secrets of Nature through his sens es, and must experience Nature to the fullest. Whenever he avoids drawing experience or gets diverted from his path, he falls into the pool of ignorance and suffering. It was the intention of Nature to give man the full happiness of freedom through all the attributes Nature has bestowed man with. However, that required searching

Legalizing Marijuana, Pro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legalizing Marijuana, Pro - Essay Example Medical science has adopted a cautious approach while dealing with the issues related to legalization of marijuana. In other words, medical science neither completely opposes, nor it completely opposes the legalization of marijuana use in America. This is because of the fact that controlled use of marijuana may bring more benefits than harm. Patients who are suffering from chronic pain may be benefitted, if they are allowed to take marijuana in a controlled manner. This paper critically analyses all the dimensions of this controversial topic and argues in favor of legalizing of marijuana in America. Marijuana use is legal in fourteen American states at present. â€Å"The 14 states that have legalized marijuana for medicinal purposes are Alaska, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Maine, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington†(Hall & Schiefelbein, p.197). It would be illogical to argue that these states legalized marijuana use without a deep study. In other words, these states might have conducted many studies before legalizing the usage of marijuana in their territories. â€Å"The cannabinoid drug THC has been approved by Food and Drug Administration for use in relieving nausea and vomiting and increasing appetite in people with cancer and AIDS. Testing of other marijuana extracts is still in the early stages† (Find support and treatment). ... A pure preparation of the major active component, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Marinol or dronabinol, is available for treating nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy and as an adjunct to weight loss in patients with wasting syndrome associated with AIDS. Although such approval currently applies only to orally administered THC, for practical purposes smoked marijuana should also be expected to be equally effective (Holister, p.5). The acceptance of marijuana among American people is growing day by day. â€Å"A recent Gallup poll found that a historic high of 46 per cent of Americans favor legalizing the drug† (Abramsky, p.18). Under such circumstances, prohibition of marijuana force people to collect marijuana from illegal sources. Collection of marijuana from illegal sources may cause huge taxes to the government. Clements et al (2010, p.20) pointed out that â€Å"taxing marijuana at the same rate as tobacco is estimated to yield additional revenue of about 24% of the pre-existing proceeds from taxation of tobacco and alcohol†. A recent study estimates that a state could collect tax revenues in the $650 million to $760 million range, if marijuana use is legalized. Moreover, law enforcement costs would decline by several hundred million dollars per year while legalizing marijuana (Abramsky, p.18). From the above findings, it is evident that legalizing of marijuana would help a government to increase tax revenue and reduce expenditure for the law enforcements. It should be noted that plenty of efforts and resources are necessary for the government to seize illegal marijuana collections and to enforce the law. Such expenditure can be avoided